Abstract:
A follow-on study to the 2024 paper by Kottapalli, Silva, and Boyd is presented with improved acoustics tools to examine whether the Vertical Aviation International (VAI) Fly Neighborly operational recommendations that are designed for single main rotor/tail rotor configurations will hold for non-conventional UAM rotorcraft with multiple rotors. The 6-occupant quadrotor concept vehicle designed under the NASA Revolutionary Vertical Lift Technology (RVLT) Project is studied. The tip speed is 550 ft/sec, with three blades per rotor. Predictions are made for three steady maneuvers: level turns, descending turns, and climbing turns. The RVLT Toolchain is exercised using CAMRAD II, pyaaron/AARON/ANOPP2 and AMAT (ANOPP2 Mission Analysis Tool). Quadrotor noise trends are analyzed using Sound Exposure Level (SEL) ground maps because it is anticipated that the upcoming updated Fly Neighborly recommendations will involve SEL maps. Importantly, unlike conventional helicopters with a single main rotor, quadrotor noise can increase in a direction opposite to the turn direction; this finding may need to be taken into consideration in formulating the upcoming updated Fly Neighborly recommendations. The recommendation Level turns are quieter than descending turns is followed by this quadrotor under the flight conditions examined. Turning away from the advancing blade … is quieter than turning into the advancing blade is not relevant for symmetric aircraft such as the quadrotor. Straight flight is quieter than turning flight is not predicted to be best for this quadrotor under the flight conditions examined – turning flight is quieter than straight flight for the quadrotor in this study.