Exploration of Vortex-Thrust: Da Vinci Aerial Screw Physics, Aerodynamics and Performance

doi:10.4050/F-0081-2025-0063

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Exploration of Vortex-Thrust: Da Vinci Aerial Screw Physics, Aerodynamics and Performance

Koushik Marepally, Ron Berlin, James Baeder, University of Maryland

https://doi.org/10.4050/F-0081-2025-0063

Abstract:
This study explores the aerodynamics of aerial screws, drawing inspiration from Leonardo da Vinci's visionary 16th-century designs. Using high-fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis, the research identifies a vortex-based thrust generation mechanism, centered on the formation of a "da Vinci vortex"—a coherent helical structure critical to performance. Systematic investigations into the effects of pitch and taper variations reveal nuanced strategies for optimizing thrust efficiency. Bilinear modifications to these parameters achieve up to a 13% improvement in figure of merit over linear designs. Detailed wake analyses further elucidate the importance of early vortex anchoring, swirl minimization, and coherent wake contraction for maximizing aerodynamic efficiency. This work not only deepens the understanding of aerial screw physics but also lays the groundwork for their application in next-generation Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) vehicles.